Energy Saving System using a PIR Sensor for Classroom Monitoring System

Abstract

The work gives a report about the design of an energy saving system using a Passive Infrared Radio sensor to switch ‘off’ fan and light circuits in the classroom in the absence of students. When a student enters the classroom, the Infrared energy emitted from the living body is focused by the Fresnel lens segment and the PIR sensors activate and give to the microcontroller which acts as power saving device according to the relay. When motion is detected the relays trigger and switch the fan and light ‘on’ and after ten minutes to switch ‘off’ the fan and light when motion has not been detected. The fan only switches ‘on’ when the room attains a temperature of 250 C-300 C.

Introduction

1. INTRODUCTION

In the beginning of electrification, switching electrical devices has been done by means of connecting or disconnecting them to the power grid. In recent year disconnecting a device from its energy source has become less popular. Instead, switching is done electronically (automatically). This means that the inner device is separated from the switching circuit. As a consequence, the device can be powered ‘on’ or ‘off’ by a remote control unit or by an automated switching circuit based on occupancy. Some computer main boards may even allow reaction to power network events, It was then argued in [1] that the downside of the switching unit keeps consuming energy as long as it stays on. In [2] , a system was designed and built to control the intensity/speed of electrical lights and fans using a TV remote control in the infrared (IR) set range of frequency The PIR (Passive Infra-Red) Sensor is a device that detects motion by measuring changes in the infrared (heat) levels emitted by surrounding objects. When motion is detected the PIR Sensor outputs a high signal on its output pin. This logic signal can be read by a microcontroller or trigger a transistor which could switch high voltage devices. This is a good sensor for monitoring an area for motion in [1] This sensor has two revisions: Revision A and Revision B. Both revisions of this sensor use the same Fresnel lens, and basic functionality remains the same between the two. However, there were a number of improvements and updates made to Revision B in [3] The control of light intensity and fan speed was successfully achieved through microcontroller. The system followed a linear profile and provided regulation against power supply voltage. It supplied voltage frequency independent. This could be also used to cater for output power of high consuming power loads like fridge. Meanwhile, a mathematical model was simulated in [3] to control air conditioning system using Matlab/Simulink based on adaptive fuzzy and analyzed the performance of that controller. Matlab Simulink tools were used to evaluate the physical application, through simulation. Authors in [4] proposed a light dependent resistor (LDR) that included a circuit to turn off the lamp when there was a good luminance and vice versa. The design by [5] focused in places where the security was paramount. An alarm system was designed to alert when someone was passing by. The significance of the design, was that it turned the appliances ‘on’ and ‘off’ automatically. In this scope, more power could be conserved. This could be improved by adding a timing system that would delay the operation for some time before applying the principles when a person is detected. In [6], the study investigated electronic circuit that made use of a Passive Infra-Red (PIR) sensor module to develop a motion sensor alarm detector. A message showing ‘motion detected’ would be displayed on a PC whenever the sensor detected a motion with the aid of AT89S51 microcontroller. The system could also be applicable to various loads like pressure, force etc, when the number of ports of the microcontroller were increased. This could be developed without wires such that different sensors in different places would be put in place. The proposal could also be used to reduce power consumption in electricity. The application could be extended to indoor lamps and fans with a delayed timer. It was investigated in [7], the daily electricity consumption by using LCD which used GSM to alert consumption. Home utility signals, customer preference and presence were taken into account in case of an emergency. Keil (μ vision IDE) and Micro Flash were the software’s used to achieve the dimming of light intensity according to user preference and thus energy management. The PIR sensors and the Advanced RISC (reduced instructions set computer) Machines (ARM) Processor remote control were used to provide a comfortable home management.

This has shown an efficient energy management and reduces wastage of electricity in the absence of people in a room. This could also detect appliances that are faulty and as a result could consume more power. A remote control for a fan regulator was designed and implemented in [8], Infrared (IR) remote control signal decoder was implemented using a decade counter and TRIAC software. The control system was reliable and easy to operate. This could also control the intensity of light. In [9], a Comparative study on the energy consumption for wireless sensor networks that was based on random and grid deployment strategies was reported. The relationship between energy consumption and the deployment strategy was underlined. The rest of the paper is structured as follows. The next section of the paper, section II, depicts the design methodology. Section III presents the testing and the device calibration. The conclusion, is given in Section IV, which closes the paper by suggesting future research directions.

Conclusion

The paper reports an energy saving system using a Passive Infrared Radio sensor to switch ‘off’ fan and light circuits in the classroom in the absence of students. The built device was placed at the main entrance. It was realized that its sensitivity limit was low. As a result of this a second one was placed at the far end diagonally to improve the sensitivity limit. The design system comprises a motion detector and temperature sensing component. The motion detector is meant to detect any human being displaced through the infrared (IR) heat generated by human body. The temperature detector operates when the room temperature is above a given threshold. For this project the room temperature is summed to be in the range of 25OC to 30OC in other to meet the weather condition experienced in Ghana. Two sensors were used and placed diagonally in other to cover the entire classroom. The future should include a shorter recovery time for the device to switch off the lamp and fan in a span time of 60 seconds when there is no occupancy.

References

[1] E. Adetiba and e. al, \"Automatic Electrical Appliances Control Panel Based on Infrared and Wifi: A Framework for Electrical Energy Conservation,\" Scientific & Engineering Research, 2011. [2] Liji and e. al., \"control of electrical lights and fans using Tv remote.,\" 2005. [3] L. B. Jaafar, \"Automatic room temperature control,\" 2013. [4] A. A. Adewale and e. al., \"design and development of a microcontroller based automation switch for home appliances,\" International journal of engineering science intervention, pp. 24-31, 2013. [5] S. Prasanna and e. al., \"Automated Intelligent Power Saving System and Security System,\" Research India Publications, pp. 1167-1176, 2013. [6] K. Sravani and e. al., \"Human Motion Detection Using Passive Infrared Sensor,\" International journal of research in computer appliances and technology, pp. 28-32, 2014. [7] K. K. Lunawat and U. M. Gokhale, \"Home appliances control and energy management using PIR Sensor and ARM Processor,\" Advance research in Electronics & Communication Engineering, 2015. [8] M. Samiran and K. N. Pabitra, \"IR Remote signal control decoder for home automation,\" Engineering Sciences and Innovative Technology, pp. 262-267, 2014. [9] M. A. K. Sharma, \"Comparative of energy consumption for wireless sensor networks based on random grid deployment strategies,\" International journal of computer applications, pp. 28-35, 2010. [10] \"www.arduino store community and electronics.htm,\" [Online]. Available: http://www.arduino store community and electronics.htm. [Accessed 21 June 2016]. 2017 IEEE PES-IAS Power Africa

Copyright

Copyright © 2023 Mayuresh Mahajan, Abhishek Sharma, Jivan Sapkal, Akashdeep Dayal, Prof. M. K. Tiwari. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.